INTRODUCTION...

Egypt is located in the extreme North-East of Africa. It is crossed from south to north by the river Nile, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The desert covers more than 90 % of Egypt. The Egyptians have lived on the banks of the river Nile or close to the canals. Each year the Nile overflowed and flooded the fields to its banks fertilizing them, generating food surpluses.

The Suez Canal located in Egypt is a long canal that connects the Nile River in Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Due to its unique geographic location, the Suez Canal is considered as an important international navigation canal and maritime transport of special importance to the world trade and to Egypt as well.

This is one of the most important waterways in the world. Arabia, Egypt and some European countries were benefited from this canal with its help over irrigation and strategic military advantages. Because of the privileged location of the Suez Canal there have been diplomatic crises and sometimes wars among societies throughout history.